Which validity is often assessed by comparing test scores with later performance measures?

Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a test can accurately forecast future performance or outcomes based on the scores derived from that test. This type of validity is assessed by administering a test and then comparing the test scores with later performance measures that are related to what the test was designed to predict. For example, a college entrance exam might be evaluated based on how well it predicts students' future academic success by correlating students’ scores with their actual college grades.

The importance of predictive validity lies in its ability to provide meaningful insights into how well a test can assess an individual’s potential or performance in a specific area over time. This differs significantly from other forms of validity, such as concurrent validity, which focuses on how well a test correlates with a criterion measure taken at the same time. Construct validity involves assessing whether a test truly measures the concept it's intended to measure, while content validity evaluates whether a test covers the representative content of the subject matter.