Which term refers to the innate parts of the personality that are distinctive to a person from birth?

The term that refers to the innate parts of the personality that are distinctive to a person from birth is "temperaments." Temperament encompasses the natural predispositions that influence how individuals react to their environment and interact with others. These are often seen as the foundational elements of personality that are observable early in life.

Temperaments are generally categorized into different types, such as easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up, and these distinctions highlight the innate qualities that shape an individual's behavior and emotional responses. Unlike learned behaviors or life experiences, which are shaped by external factors over time, temperaments are inherent and represent a person’s natural disposition.

In contrast, personality traits are broader characteristics that encompass temperament but also include learned and developed aspects over time. Learned behaviors refer specifically to actions or responses conditioned by experiences, while life experiences encompass the various events and circumstances that shape an individual’s personality after birth. Thus, "temperaments" is the most accurate term to describe the innate qualities of personality present from birth.