Which psychological theory focuses on cognitive processes in personality?

Social-Cognitive Theory is centered on the idea that cognitive processes—such as beliefs, expectations, and interpretative frameworks—play a significant role in shaping an individual's personality. This theory, notably advanced by psychologist Albert Bandura, emphasizes how personal experiences, environmental factors, and cognitive functioning interact to influence behavior and personality development.

A key component of Social-Cognitive Theory is the concept of reciprocal determinism, which posits that individuals are not just shaped by their environment but also actively influence it through their thoughts and actions. This perspective acknowledges the importance of mental processes, such as interpretation and evaluation, in understanding how individuals react to their surroundings.

In contrast, Humanistic Theory tends to focus more on personal growth and self-actualization without delving deeply into cognitive processes. Behaviorism primarily examines observable behaviors and disregards internal thoughts and feelings, thereby excluding cognitive factors from its framework. Gestalt Theory emphasizes holistic perceptions and experiences rather than specific cognitive processes.

Thus, Social-Cognitive Theory is the only approach listed that directly highlights the significance of cognitive processes in the development and expression of personality.