Which of the following concepts is focused on generalizing and extrapolating test results outside of the testing environment?

The concept that centers on generalizing and extrapolating test results beyond the testing environment is known as external validity. This validity addresses the extent to which the findings of a study can be applied to settings, people, times, and measures outside of the specific conditions under which the test was conducted.

For instance, if a psychological test is administered in a controlled environment with a specific group of participants, external validity examines whether the outcomes can be relevant for other populations, in different environments, or in real-life situations. A high level of external validity means the results are more likely to be applicable and reliable in broader contexts.

In contrast, internal validity focuses on the accuracy of the test results within the specific context of the study itself, without regard to how those results might apply to other situations. Face validity assesses whether a test appears to measure what it claims to measure from a subjective viewpoint, while criterion validity evaluates how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure. These concepts do not prioritize the generalization of results beyond the testing circumstances in the same way that external validity does.