What does the term "psychodynamic theory" refer to in personality psychology?

Psychodynamic theory refers to the perspective in personality psychology that emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes on an individual's personality. This approach is rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud, who posited that much of human behavior is governed by unconscious motivations and conflicts. According to this theory, unresolved issues from childhood, repressed memories, and internal desires all play significant roles in shaping behavior and personality traits.

Freud introduced concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, which interact in complex ways, contributing to personality development. The theory also highlights the importance of defense mechanisms, which individuals might use to protect themselves from anxiety that arises from these unconscious conflicts.

In contrast to this perspective, those that focus on conscious thought would not adequately address the deep-seated, often hidden influences on personality. Similarly, theories emphasizing learned behaviors or trait consistency emphasize different aspects of personality that do not account for the significant role of the subconscious mind highlighted by psychodynamic theory.