In the Big Five model, what does neuroticism refer to?

In the context of the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism specifically refers to an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, and depression. This trait encompasses emotional instability and a propensity for mood swings, leading individuals who score high in neuroticism to be more prone to feelings of stress and emotional distress.

Individuals with high levels of neuroticism may find it more challenging to cope with stressors and may exhibit heightened sensitivity to perceived threats or negative experiences. This often results in a general sense of dissatisfaction or unhappiness. Conversely, those with low levels of neuroticism are typically more emotionally stable and resilient, often experiencing a greater degree of positive emotions and overall life satisfaction.

Understanding neuroticism is crucial in personality psychology, as it can offer insights into behavior, relationships, and mental health outcomes.